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In order to bring a satellite into space it needs to first enter a low earth orbit (LEO). To get into LEO the rocket needs to reach an altitude of at least 200 km (120 miles) and a speed of no less than 29.000 km per hour (18.000 miles per hour). This is the most difficult and expensive part of the launch of a satellite. There is an enormous amount of energy needed to reach LEO.
Generally 2 rocket stages are needed to bring a satellite into LEO. The first rocket stage brings the rocket up into the thinner air at higher altitudes and speeds the rocket up enough to have the second stage bring the rest into LEO. Depending on the mission a third rocket stage is used to bring the satellite into higher orbits,Satellite Launches and Operations Articles for instance a geostationary orbit.
Operations in Space
Once they are in space satellites need to be completely self-sustained, since they can not receive power from earth. They also need to be able to survive the launch, which is not a soft ride. Once in space drone imagery the satellite needs to generate its own power, being able to orient it self, dissipate heat, deal with cosmic radiation and protect it self from micro meteors.
Power
Electricity is the main form of energy for all equipment on board and for orientation. Fuel is on board for moving the position or changing the orbit. In case of a geostationary orbit, the satellite needs to be kept inside a imaginary box so that it always stays in the same place as seen from earth. In case of other satellites, fuel can be used to change the orbit, or maintain an orbit. A satellite in low earth orbit for instance still receives a tiny bit of friction from the atmosphere which causes it to slow down and eventually fall back to earth. A slight boast every now and then to speed the satellite up ensures that it stays in orbit.